diff --git a/spatialmath/base/transforms2d.py b/spatialmath/base/transforms2d.py
index e9bc0e70..d09e820d 100644
--- a/spatialmath/base/transforms2d.py
+++ b/spatialmath/base/transforms2d.py
@@ -1336,7 +1336,6 @@ def trplot2(
         width: float = 1,
         d1: float = 0.1,
         d2: float = 1.15,
-        **kwargs,
     ):
         """
         Plot a 2D coordinate frame
@@ -1603,9 +1602,18 @@ def tranimate2(T: Union[SO2Array, SE2Array], **kwargs):
         """
         dims = kwargs.pop("dims", None)
         ax = kwargs.pop("ax", None)
+
+        # Animate2.run()'s own parameters must not also be forwarded to
+        # trplot2's drawing call, which now validates its keywords strictly
+        # (see Animate2.run's signature for this parameter set)
+        run_kwargs = {
+            k: kwargs.pop(k)
+            for k in ("movie", "repeat", "interval", "nframes", "wait")
+            if k in kwargs
+        }
         anim = smb.animate.Animate2(dims=dims, axes=ax, **kwargs)
         anim.trplot2(T, **kwargs)
-        return anim.run(**kwargs)
+        return anim.run(**run_kwargs)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/spatialmath/base/transforms3d.py b/spatialmath/base/transforms3d.py
index 11aba217..8f958e31 100644
--- a/spatialmath/base/transforms3d.py
+++ b/spatialmath/base/transforms3d.py
@@ -3029,7 +3029,6 @@ def trplot(
         dims: Optional[ArrayLikePure] = None,
         d2: float = 1.15,
         flo: Tuple[float, float, float] = (-0.05, -0.05, -0.05),
-        **kwargs,
     ):
         """
         Plot a 3D coordinate frame
@@ -3217,6 +3216,9 @@ def trplot(
             ax.set_proj_type("persp")
 
             # collect all the arguments to use for left and right views
+            # note: dims is deliberately excluded, it was already applied to
+            # ax above; block is deliberately excluded and handled once
+            # below, after both eyes are drawn, rather than per-eye
             args = {
                 "ax": ax,
                 "frame": frame,
@@ -3225,8 +3227,15 @@ def trplot(
                 "wtl": wtl,
                 "flo": flo,
                 "d2": d2,
+                "textcolor": textcolor,
+                "labels": labels,
+                "originsize": originsize,
+                "origincolor": origincolor,
+                "axislabel": axislabel,
+                "axissubscript": axissubscript,
+                "width": width,
+                "projection": projection,
             }
-            args = {**args, **kwargs}
 
             # unpack the anaglyph parameters
             shift = 0.1
@@ -3248,7 +3257,11 @@ def trplot(
                 T = r2t(cast(SO3Array, T))
             trplot(transl(shift, 0, 0) @ T, color=colors[1], **args)
 
-            return
+            if block is not None:
+                import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+                plt.show(block=block)
+            return ax
 
         if style == "rviz":
             if originsize is None:
@@ -3300,9 +3313,9 @@ def trplot(
                     flo=flo,
                     anaglyph=anaglyph,
                     axislabel=axislabel,
-                    **kwargs,
+                    axissubscript=axissubscript,
                 )
-            return
+            return ax
 
         if dims is not None:
             dims = tuple(dims)
@@ -3516,9 +3529,18 @@ def tranimate(T: Union[SO3Array, SE3Array], **kwargs) -> str:
         # alias for backward compatibility with the previous docstring/API
         dim = kwargs.pop("dim", kwargs.pop("dims", None))
         ax = kwargs.pop("ax", None)
+
+        # Animate.run()'s own parameters must not also be forwarded to
+        # trplot's drawing call, which now validates its keywords strictly
+        # (see Animate.run's signature for this parameter set)
+        run_kwargs = {
+            k: kwargs.pop(k)
+            for k in ("movie", "repeat", "interval", "nframes", "wait")
+            if k in kwargs
+        }
         anim = Animate(dim=dim, ax=ax, **kwargs)
         anim.trplot(T, **kwargs)
-        return anim.run(**kwargs)
+        return anim.run(**run_kwargs)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/tests/base/test_animate.py b/tests/base/test_animate.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..147a09ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/base/test_animate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Regression coverage for spatialmath.base.animate.
+
+animate()/tranimate()/tranimate2() build a matplotlib FuncAnimation, but
+under a non-interactive backend with nothing pumping a real event loop
+(exactly the CI/test environment -- see conftest.py, which forces the Agg
+backend for the whole session) its per-frame update() callback never
+actually fires. Merely constructing the FuncAnimation, or calling
+.animate() and letting the result be garbage collected, proves nothing
+about whether the interpolation code (trinterp/trinterp2) runs or is
+correct -- it only proves construction didn't raise.
+
+FuncAnimation.save() is different: it synchronously steps through every
+frame and invokes the real update() callback for each one, regardless of
+backend -- the same thing a real playback or movie export would do. We
+drive that here with PillowWriter (pure Python, ships with
+matplotlib+Pillow, no external ffmpeg binary) purely to force every frame
+through the real callback, and record what it actually computed, rather
+than analyzing the saved output itself.
+"""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import matplotlib
+
+matplotlib.use("Agg")
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.animation import PillowWriter
+
+import spatialmath.base as smb
+from spatialmath import SE2, SE3
+
+
+def _drive_all_frames(fa):
+    tmp = tempfile.mktemp(suffix=".gif")
+    try:
+        fa.save(tmp, writer=PillowWriter(fps=5))
+    finally:
+        if os.path.exists(tmp):
+            os.remove(tmp)
+
+
+class TestAnimate2(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_drives_real_frames(self):
+        plt.close("all")
+        end = SE2.Rand()
+        start = SE2.Rand()
+        nframes = 5
+
+        real_trinterp2 = smb.trinterp2
+        calls = []
+
+        def recording_trinterp2(*args, **kwargs):
+            calls.append(kwargs["s"])
+            return real_trinterp2(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        with patch("spatialmath.base.trinterp2", side_effect=recording_trinterp2):
+            fa = end.animate(start=start, dims=[-2, 2], nframes=nframes, repeat=False)
+            _drive_all_frames(fa)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), nframes)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(min(calls), 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(max(calls), 1.0)
+        plt.close("all")
+
+
+class TestAnimate3(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_drives_real_frames(self):
+        plt.close("all")
+        end = SE3.Rand()
+        start = SE3.Rand()
+        nframes = 5
+
+        real_trinterp = smb.trinterp
+        calls = []
+
+        def recording_trinterp(*args, **kwargs):
+            calls.append(kwargs["s"])
+            return real_trinterp(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        with patch("spatialmath.base.trinterp", side_effect=recording_trinterp):
+            fa = end.animate(start=start, dims=[-2, 2], nframes=nframes, repeat=False)
+            _drive_all_frames(fa)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(calls), nframes)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(min(calls), 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(max(calls), 1.0)
+        plt.close("all")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/base/test_transforms2d.py b/tests/base/test_transforms2d.py
index 6a406006..61e3adab 100755
--- a/tests/base/test_transforms2d.py
+++ b/tests/base/test_transforms2d.py
@@ -296,6 +296,14 @@ def test_plot(self):
         )
         plt.close("all")
 
+    def test_plot_rejects_unknown_kwarg(self):
+        # trplot2() used to silently swallow an unrecognized keyword via a
+        # bare **kwargs sink instead of raising -- e.g. a typo'd
+        # framelabel= (the real parameter is frame=) drew the frame with
+        # no label and no error at all.
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            trplot2(transl2(1, 2), framelabel="A", block=False)
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tests/base/test_transforms3d_plot.py b/tests/base/test_transforms3d_plot.py
index d18d9300..2a4ba18e 100755
--- a/tests/base/test_transforms3d_plot.py
+++ b/tests/base/test_transforms3d_plot.py
@@ -73,6 +73,46 @@ def test_plot(self):
 
         plt.close("all")
 
+    def test_plot_rejects_unknown_kwarg(self):
+        # trplot() used to silently swallow an unrecognized keyword via a
+        # bare **kwargs sink instead of raising -- e.g. a typo'd
+        # framelabel= (the real parameter is frame=) drew the frame with
+        # no label and no error at all.
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            trplot(transl(1, 2, 3), framelabel="A", block=False)
+
+    def test_plot_anaglyph_forwards_params(self):
+        # the anaglyph branch recurses into trplot() for each eye; it used
+        # to forward only a small fixed subset of parameters (ax, frame,
+        # length, style, wtl, flo, d2), silently dropping textcolor,
+        # labels, originsize, origincolor, axislabel, axissubscript, width
+        # and projection for both eyes.
+        plt.figure()
+        ax = trplot(
+            transl(1, 2, 3),
+            frame="A",
+            anaglyph=True,
+            block=False,
+            textcolor="k",
+            originsize=0,
+        )
+        # frame label + 3 axis labels, per eye
+        self.assertEqual(len(ax.texts), 8)
+        self.assertTrue(all(t.get_color() == "k" for t in ax.texts))
+        plt.close("all")
+
+    def test_plot_iterable_forwards_axissubscript(self):
+        # the "T is an iterable of transforms" branch used to forward
+        # every named parameter except axissubscript when recursing per
+        # transform, so axissubscript=False on the outer call was ignored.
+        plt.figure()
+        T = [transl(1, 2, 3), transl(2, 3, 4)]
+        ax = trplot(T, frame="F", axissubscript=False, block=False)
+        axis_labels = [t.get_text() for t in ax.texts if t.get_text() != r"$\{F\}$"]
+        self.assertTrue(axis_labels)
+        self.assertTrue(all("_{" not in text for text in axis_labels))
+        plt.close("all")
+
     @pytest.mark.skipif(
         plt.get_backend().lower() == "agg"
         or os.environ.get("CI") == "true"
diff --git a/tests/test_pose2d.py b/tests/test_pose2d.py
index fc3734d6..4e4f7151 100755
--- a/tests/test_pose2d.py
+++ b/tests/test_pose2d.py
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ def test_graphics(self):
         T1.plot(block=False, dims=[-2, 2])
 
         T1.animate(repeat=False, dims=[-2, 2], nframes=10)
-        T1.animate(T0=T2, repeat=False, dims=[-2, 2], nframes=10)
+        T1.animate(start=T2, repeat=False, dims=[-2, 2], nframes=10)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#